安氏白虾

Exopalaemon annandalei   Kemp
   

  1932  浏览



形态描述

安氏白虾Exopalaemon annandalei(Kemp)a.抱卵雌虾侧面观ovigerous female,lateral view;b.尾节背面观telson,dorsal view;C.尾节末端end of telson;d.第一触角antennule;e.第二触角鳞片scaphocerite;f.第三颚足third maxilliped;g.第一步足firstpereiopod;h.第二步足second pereiopod;i.第三步足third pereiopod;j.第五步足fifth pereiopod.
形态特征:额角甚细长,其长度约为头胸甲长的1.5~2.0倍,末端向上翘,约1/10~1/2超出鳞片的末端;基部具一短鸡冠状隆起,上具4~6齿,末端常具1附加齿;下缘具4~6齿。触角刺小,鳃甲刺甚大。
腹部各节圆滑,无纵脊;第六腹节约为第五腹节长的1.6~1.7倍,尾节约为第六腹节长的1.1~1.2倍,其背面具2对背刺,前对约位于尾节的末端1/3处,后对位于前对与尾节后端的中间位置。尾节后端中央呈尖刺状,后侧角具2对刺,外侧刺甚短小,仅近内侧刺长的1/4,两内侧刺的中央具一对羽状刚毛。
第一触角基节外缘稍凸,柄刺细尖,从基节的外侧中部附近伸出,前侧刺约伸至第二节的中部,基节的前缘稍凸,前侧刺没有超出其凸缘的末端;第二节清楚的短于第三节,约为第三节长的1/2,末两节之和与基节约等长。上鞭愈合部约为5节,游离的短鞭为19节,约为愈合部长的3.9倍。第二触角鳞片约有一小半超出第一触角柄,其基部1/4处最为宽阔,长约为宽的4倍强,末端甚狭窄,叶瓣清楚的超出前侧刺。第三颚足约伸至鳞片的2/3处,清楚的超出第一触角柄的末端,末节短于末2节。
第一对步足约伸至超出鳞片的末端;指节稍短于掌部,腕节约为螯长的2.3~3.0倍,长节长于腕节,座节约为长节长的1.5倍。第二对步足强于第一对,指节约3/4~5/6超出鳞片的末端;指节甚细长,两指的切缘光滑无齿突,掌部约为指节长的1/2,腕节极短,为掌部长的0.3~0.4倍,长节约为腕节长的4倍,座节稍长于长节。第三对步足约伸至靠近鳞片的末端;指节细长,掌节与指节近等长,为腕节长的4.5~5.3倍,长节为掌节的1.8~1.9倍,为腕节长的8.4~10.2倍,约为座节长的1.2倍。第四对步足之掌节稍长于指,约为腕节长的6~7倍。第三、四对步足之腕节、长节及座节边缘皆具长刚毛。第五对步足约有一大半超出鳞片的末缘;指节甚细长,其长度与掌节约相等,其基部腹缘具有一列短毛,掌节约为腕节长的3.7倍,稍长于长节,约为长节长的1.1倍,长节约为座节长的1.1倍。

大小
生物学

习性与渔业:多生活于江河下游河段的淡水区和出海口附近,或河口附近的半咸水域,不进入湖泊中生活,即使是海边的湖泊也未见它的踪迹。属游泳型虾类,平时都在水层中营游泳生活,无爬行的附肢,因而不能在水底爬行。杂食性,多以浮游生物为饵。繁殖季节晚,通常到夏季才开始抱卵。卵较大而数少,其孵化不同于其他种,而是逐粒孵化,每尾亲虾须持续一整天才能孵化完毕。由于卵黄丰富,所以孵出后的幼体不吃食,靠卵内的卵黄供应营养,完成变态。共经三次蜕皮即变态为仔虾,然后开始取食。

生境信息

习性与渔业:多生活于江河下游河段的淡水区和出海口附近,或河口附近的半咸水域,不进入湖泊中生活,即使是海边的湖泊也未见它的踪迹。属游泳型虾类,平时都在水层中营游泳生活,无爬行的附肢,因而不能在水底爬行。杂食性,多以浮游生物为饵。繁殖季节晚,通常到夏季才开始抱卵。卵较大而数少,其孵化不同于其他种,而是逐粒孵化,每尾亲虾须持续一整天才能孵化完毕。由于卵黄丰富,所以孵出后的幼体不吃食,靠卵内的卵黄供应营养,完成变态。共经三次蜕皮即变态为仔虾,然后开始取食。

国外分布

朝鲜半岛西岸

Yü S C.1930b.Notes sur les crevettes chinoses appartenant au genre Leander Desm.Avec description de nouvel les especes.Bull.Sot.Zool.France.,55:553~573.figs.1~4
Kemp S 1917.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.IX.Leander styli ferus Milne-Edwards and relat- ed forms.Records of Indian Museum,13:203~23l,pls.8~10
Kemp S 1918.Zoological results of a tour in Far East.Edited by N.Annandale.Part.V.(Crustadcea Decapoda and Stomatopoda).Mere.Asiat.Soc.Bengal 6:217~197.figs.1~12
Liu R Y.1955.The economic shrimps and prawns of North China.SciencePress,Beijing,1~73.[刘瑞玉,1955,中国北部经济虾类.科学出版社,1~73,图版1~24]
Kemp S.1925.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.XVII.On various Caridea.Records of Indian Museum,27:249~343.figs.1~24
Kim H S(金熏洙)1977.Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea.Vol.19,Macrura.414 PP,56 pls.Korea.(In Kore- an,with English Abstract)
Holthuis L B 1980.Shrimps and Prawns of the world.An Annotated cataloque of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish.Syn.125:I~xvii;1~231
Kubo I.1942.Studies on Japanese Palaemonid shrims Ⅲ Leander.Jour.Imp.Fish.Inst.35(1):17~85.figsl~ 33
Liu R Y,Liang X Q and Yan S L.1990b.A study of the Palaemoninae(Crustacea Decapoda)from China Ⅱ.Palae- mon,Exopalaemon,Palaemonetes and Leptocarpus.Studia Marina Sinica,31:229~265[刘瑞玉,梁象秋,严生良,1990b.中国长臂虾砸科的研究Ⅱ.长臂虾属、白虾属、小长臂虾属、细腕虾属.海洋科学集刊,31:229~265]
Gee NG.1925.Tentative list of Chinese Decapod Crustacea,Including those represented in the collections of the U- nited States National Museum(marked with an*)with localities at which collected.Lingnaan Agric.Rev.3: 156~163
Zhang J S and Sun X Y.1981.Studies on the freshwater shrimps from the middle and lower Yangtze River.Chinese Jour.Zool.,1981(4):2~6,figs.1~2.[张建森、孙小异,1979.长江中下游淡水虾的初步调查与研究.动物学杂志,1981(4):2~6,图1~2]
Yü S C.1930a.Deux nouvelles crevetttes de Chine.Bull.Sot.Zool.France,55:454~463.figs.1~4
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Liu R Y.1959.Notes on the economic Macrurous Crustacean Fauna of the Yellow sea and the East China sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2(1):35~42.[刘瑞玉,1959.黄海及东海经济虾类.海洋与湖沼2(1):35~42]

国内分布

中国东部和北部,辽宁、河北、山东、江苏到浙江沿岸均产,主要在各河口半咸水区域及下游

Yü S C.1930a.Deux nouvelles crevetttes de Chine.Bull.Sot.Zool.France,55:454~463.figs.1~4
Kemp S 1918.Zoological results of a tour in Far East.Edited by N.Annandale.Part.V.(Crustadcea Decapoda and Stomatopoda).Mere.Asiat.Soc.Bengal 6:217~197.figs.1~12
Kubo I.1942.Studies on Japanese Palaemonid shrims Ⅲ Leander.Jour.Imp.Fish.Inst.35(1):17~85.figsl~ 33
Kemp S.1925.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.XVII.On various Caridea.Records of Indian Museum,27:249~343.figs.1~24
Gee NG.1925.Tentative list of Chinese Decapod Crustacea,Including those represented in the collections of the U- nited States National Museum(marked with an*)with localities at which collected.Lingnaan Agric.Rev.3: 156~163
Kemp S 1917.Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum.IX.Leander styli ferus Milne-Edwards and relat- ed forms.Records of Indian Museum,13:203~23l,pls.8~10
Liu R Y.1959.Notes on the economic Macrurous Crustacean Fauna of the Yellow sea and the East China sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2(1):35~42.[刘瑞玉,1959.黄海及东海经济虾类.海洋与湖沼2(1):35~42]
Yü S C.1930b.Notes sur les crevettes chinoses appartenant au genre Leander Desm.Avec description de nouvel les especes.Bull.Sot.Zool.France.,55:553~573.figs.1~4
Holthuis L B 1980.Shrimps and Prawns of the world.An Annotated cataloque of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish.Syn.125:I~xvii;1~231
Liu R Y.1955.The economic shrimps and prawns of North China.SciencePress,Beijing,1~73.[刘瑞玉,1955,中国北部经济虾类.科学出版社,1~73,图版1~24]
Kim H S(金熏洙)1977.Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea.Vol.19,Macrura.414 PP,56 pls.Korea.(In Kore- an,with English Abstract)
Zhang J S and Sun X Y.1981.Studies on the freshwater shrimps from the middle and lower Yangtze River.Chinese Jour.Zool.,1981(4):2~6,figs.1~2.[张建森、孙小异,1979.长江中下游淡水虾的初步调查与研究.动物学杂志,1981(4):2~6,图1~2]
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Liu R Y,Liang X Q and Yan S L.1990b.A study of the Palaemoninae(Crustacea Decapoda)from China Ⅱ.Palae- mon,Exopalaemon,Palaemonetes and Leptocarpus.Studia Marina Sinica,31:229~265[刘瑞玉,梁象秋,严生良,1990b.中国长臂虾砸科的研究Ⅱ.长臂虾属、白虾属、小长臂虾属、细腕虾属.海洋科学集刊,31:229~265]

经济意义

本种为重要的经济虾类,在长江口区,江、浙一带产量较大,是夏季河流的下游河段及河口区的捕捞对象,又是该区各种肉食性鱼类的主要饵料。

经济用途

本种为重要的经济虾类,在长江口区,江、浙一带产量较大,是夏季河流的下游河段及河口区的捕捞对象,又是该区各种肉食性鱼类的主要饵料。